What are bunions?

Bunions are bony lumps that develop in the joint at the base of the big toe of the foot and can sometimes be very painful. A bunion in medical terms is known as Hallux Valgus (HV). It can cause the big toe to point towards the other toes and even lead to an overlap of the big toe and second toe. Additionally, a red and swollen lump can appear on the joint which is called a bursa.

What causes it?

Various factors can predispose someone to bunions such as genetics, gender, culture, arthritis, trauma, muscle imbalances, and overpronation etc. However, the most common cause of HV is constrictive boots and shoes, especially high heels. Researchers in Cambridge have recently discovered that the British have suffered with their feet in the name of fashion since at least the 14^th century! Hallux valgus can worsen over time or never cause pain. In severe cases, the bunion can require surgery but, in most cases, there are several conservative treatment options that can prevent/reduce pain and further distortion.